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After infection with Salmonella those bacteria that are
2024-07-20
After infection with Salmonella those bacteria that are not targeted by autophagy of the complete Salmonella-containing phagosome (see above) but are living freely in the cytosol can be eliminated by xenophagy, that is direct targeting of the ‘naked’ bacteria to the autophagic pathway. The type III
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We wanted to investigate the influence of substituents on th
2024-07-20
We wanted to investigate the influence of substituents on the pyrazole ring on the activity, but only a few substituted pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids/esters were commercially available in useful amounts at a reasonable price, for example, 4- and 5-nitro-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid. The preparation of 4
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Imaging QTL studies may have several potential advantages ov
2024-07-19
Imaging QTL studies may have several potential advantages over case-control studies, including increased power . Imaging endophenotypes of disease in QTL studies can separate patients and normal subjects more accurately and therefore limit the confound of including asymptomatic subjects in the contr
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Additionally we were prompted to validate the protective eff
2024-07-19
Additionally, we were prompted to validate the protective effect of ALDH3A1 by utilizing a human corneal model. Cornea is located in the anterior segment of the eye and thus, is constantly exposed to various environmental stressors that affect the cellular oxidative balance and consequently lead to
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An important and well documented pathway involved in cellula
2024-07-19
An important and well-documented pathway involved in cellular growth and proliferation is the mTOR-mediated synthesis of proteins and lipids [7,13,14]. Although found to be tissue specific or context specific regulation, it has always been observed that either one or both the mTOR complexes regulate
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br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity
2024-07-19
AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l
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The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane tr
2024-07-19
The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy
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The rank order of agonist potency in turkey
2024-07-19
The rank order of agonist potency in turkey cardiac chambers demonstrated the predominant presence of the β-adrenergic receptor subtype, in line with the receptor classification by . However, a previous radioligand binding study in the left ventricles of 7-week old turkeys reported the existence of
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AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase composed
2024-07-19
AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear
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The difference in the mean values of
2024-07-19
The difference in the mean values of serum ADA in sputum positive PTB and controls was found to be highly significant (P Discussion Tuberculosis is a major health problem in India, and out of all its forms PTB is the commonest. A definite diagnosis of PTB can be made with the presence of Gallein f
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br Introduction Adenosine deaminase ADA which can catalyze t
2024-07-19
Introduction Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which can catalyze the conversion of AD to inosine by removing an amino group, is a key hydrolytic enzyme of purine metabolism (Conway and Cooke, 1939), and plays an important role in an amount of diseases. For example, an increase of ADA activity in serum
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For both the hydroxylation and
2024-07-19
For both, the 17α-hydroxylation and 17, 20-lyase reactions, the heme iron center of P450 17A1 receives electron reducing equivalents from CPR. Both reactions require one pair of electrons and molecular oxygen for the conversion of the substrate into product in each catalytic cycle. However, the 17,2
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Benzoylmesaconitine By performing knockdown of AXL once HER
2024-07-19
By performing knockdown of AXL once HER2+ cancer Benzoylmesaconitine have achieved lung colonization, we demonstrated that AXL contributes to the establishment of macrometastases. While inhibition of AXL impairs the efficiency of metastasis, the later finding has major clinical implications since ph
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br Author contributions br Conflict of
2024-07-19
Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502276), Major Projects of Science and Technology of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (A2017013), the Natural Science Foundation o
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GSK2801 receptor Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting f
2024-07-19
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling