• Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for the

  2024-10-29

  

  Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for the causal association of ICAM-1 induction and leukocyte adhesion with DR, including oxidative stress [16], NF-κB [17], PKC [18], and bioactive lipids [19]. Our previous studies highlighted the role of bioactive lipid metabolites derived from 12/

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous enzymes t

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  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• PJ 34 Our previous studies and others have identified that t

  2024-10-29

  

  Our previous studies and others have identified that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis via [Ca2+]i overload through the opening of synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and the excessive Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Zhao et al., 2011; Zha

• Wound healing without blastema formation causes partial rest

  2024-10-29

  

  Wound healing without blastema formation causes partial restoration of lost tissue, and gives rise to fibrotic scars. Healing by fibrotic scarring rather than by regeneration leads to tissue dysfunction, and can place a huge burden for the health of the animal [4]. Therefore, understanding the molec

• br Funding This work was supported by the

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  Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 81573664). Thanks to Jing-xian Yang from the Pharmacology Laboratory of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for support with technology and experimental equipment. Disclosure Confl

• HMGN proteins are subject to

  2024-10-29

  

  HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications which influence both their mode of binding to Nutlin-3 and their functional activity. Like the other HMG protein families, HMGNs are substrates for many of the same enzymes that modify histone proteins (review in [175]). The hi

• Prolonged duration of antimicrobial agents is

  2024-10-29

  

  Prolonged duration of antimicrobial agents is also associated with increased risk of CDI by extending the time disruption of normal enteric flora. This emphasizes the importance for clinicians to adhere to shorter durations of therapy. Although longer durations of therapy are associated with a great

• br Small molecule homoisoflavonoid in combination with anti

  2024-10-29

  

  Small molecule homoisoflavonoid in combination with anti-VEGF therapy Basavarajappa et al. [11] reported a new synthetic homoisoflavonoid compound, SH-11037 by modifying the structure of naturally occurring homoisoflavonoid cremastranone. SH-11037 exhibited promising inhibition of human retinal m

• Platelet derived growth factor PDGF and ciliary neurotrophic

  2024-10-29

  

  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed by glial Compstatin mg and are important to neuron survival and the maintenance of oligodendrocytes. These neurotrophic factors contribute to the remyelination process by increasing the proliferation of oligod

• Recently rather than predicting categorical variables as

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  Recently, rather than predicting categorical variables as in classification, several studies begin to estimate continuous clinical variables from nrf2 inhibitor images. Therefore, instead of classify a subject into binary or multiple pre-determined categories or stages of the disease, regression fo

• ALDHs also act as opposite

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  ALDHs also act as opposite roles in the initiation and development of carcinoma. For example, ALDH2, as a key enzyme which oxidises acetaldehyde, participates in alcohol metabolism and is associated with alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis [37]. It has been reported that up to 8% of the world's populati

• br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and mac

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  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• br Adenosine as a mediator of

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  Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and

• br Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause

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  Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world. Current pharmacological therapy focus on anti-VEGF strategy, but this strategy is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Preclinical studies u

• blasticidin br Acknowledgments The authors would like to tha

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  Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms. Ashley Davis for her administrative assistance in preparing this article and Mr. Dan Beck for his artistic contributions to Fig. 1. Introduction Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of insec

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