• The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR

  2020-05-27

  

  The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR2 in fibrotic disease showed that DDR2 knockout mice exhibited exaggerated severity of chronic hepatic fibrosis. Although a previous in vitro study has demonstrated that DDR2 promotes lung fibroblast proliferation and migration, till now it remains unclear

• CYP s are heme containing monooxygenases constituting

  2020-05-27

  

  CYP450s are heme-containing monooxygenases constituting a conserved gene superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins, and are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Martignoni et al., 2006). They play a key role in detoxification of endogenous (e.g., steroids) and exogenous compounds (e.g., drug, insecticid

• Cathepsin G Inhibitor I In a previous study we

  2020-05-27

  

  In a previous study we reported that the systemic administration of the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin attenuates the deficit in Cathepsin G Inhibitor I reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal (Bruijnzeel et al., 2010). One of the aims of the present experiments

• On the opposite side sPLA X has

  2020-05-26

  

  On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer Benzoylmesaconitine and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through the products of i

• Among our patients with anti

  2020-05-26

  

  Among our patients with anti-enolase drusen, those with a relatively short duration from the onset of visual symptoms to the first visit tended to have normal structure of photoreceptors with preserved visual function, despite the presence of drusen-related RPE abnormalities (Cases 1-3 and 8). In co

• Pursuant to our in vitro data that neutrophilic

  2020-05-26

  

  Pursuant to our in vitro data that neutrophilic elastase activated the elastase-dependent oncolytic virus, we initially hypothesized that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils could be the source for elastase in tumor tissue. However, we did not detect neutrophils in the PANC-1 tumor tissue where we observ

• Three kinase inhibitors dasatinib type I imatinib type II an

  2020-05-26

  

  Three kinase inhibitors dasatinib (type I), imatinib (type II) and nilotinib (type II), identified initially as inhibitors of tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, were found to target DDRs in a chemical proteomic profiling study (Bantscheff et al., 2007, Hantschel et al., 2008). These tyrosine kinase inhibitors

• ER stress was monitored by both an

  2020-05-26

  

  ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from

  2020-05-26

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from the National Center for GM Crops (PJ008152) of the Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, to W.T.K. Introduction Ubiquitin (Ub) has been considered as one of the most import

• In general cellular senescence is considered

  2020-05-26

  

  In general, cellular senescence is considered a programmed response to stress that can be activated by oxidative stress, irradiation or action of substances or drugs. These stressors cause DNA damage and, through the action of specific proteins (p53 and p21), lead to cell senescence (di Fagagna, 200

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Diabetes mellitus

  2020-05-26

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease [1] associated with serious comorbidities. This condition has recently reached epidemic proportions, as its occurrence has exponentially increased in the general population. Over 400 million people worldwide were est

• Materials and methods Between January and December

  2020-05-26

  

  Materials and methods Between January 2006 and December 2008, 34 patients with GBM were treated with postoperative three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy at Tartu University Hospital or North Estonian Medical Centre. Characteristics of patients are listed in Table 1. Results Discussion Radiothe

• br Introduction Coping with DNA damage

  2020-05-26

  

  Introduction Coping with DNA damage is possible thanks to surveillance mechanisms (checkpoints), that detect the problem and promote its solution [1], [2], and to repair and tolerance pathways that remove the lesions or reduce the damage consequences [3], [4]. Failures in these processes have a h

• The unique property of mutant IDH

  2020-05-26

  

  The unique property of mutant IDH1/2 in producing an oncometabolite that has no known physiological function makes mutant IDH enzymes as obvious potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of IDH-mutated tumors (Rohle et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013). Clinical studies have also suggested the pre

• While the mechanism of DHODH

  2020-05-26

  

  While the mechanism of DHODH inhibition-induced differentiation is not fully understood, this phenomenon may be caused by pyrimidine depletion. Pyrazofurin, an inhibitor of OMP decarboxylase, was able to induce differentiation and suggests pyrimidine depletion as a potential mechanism (Sykes et al.,

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