• Antioxidants such as SFN have been proposed to

  2020-01-08

  

  Antioxidants such as SFN have been proposed to be chemopreventive agents to inhibit, delay or reverse the development of cancer (Bayat Mokhtari et al., 2018). SFN was shown in breast epithelial cell culture to suppress oxidative metabolism of E2/E1 and thus protect against estrogen-mediated DNA dam

• NPC L expression is both tissue and

  2020-01-08

  

  NPC1L1 expression is both tissue- and species-specific. Consistent with its function, NPC1L1 is mainly localized to the brush border membrane of enterocytes and the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. NPC1L1, which is expressed in the liver of humans and rats but not mice, mediates cholesterol orex

• Several CHK inhibitors have been reported in the

  2020-01-08

  

  Several CHK-1 inhibitors have been reported in the literature. Of these, UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) is a potent inhibitor of CHK-1 (=5.6nM), , and has modest selectivity among other kinases. UCN-01 is currently in clinical trials. Other CHK-1 inhibitors reported in the literature include indaz

• rolipram The previously described endogenous patterns

  2020-01-08

  

  The previously described endogenous patterns of IGF-1-induced kinase signaling, and resulting interaction between MAPK and PI3K, differ across neuronal sub-types. In R28 retinal neuron-like cells, IGF-1 treatment elicits prolonged activation (at least 80 min) of both PI3K and MAPK (Kong et al., 2016

• More importantly Santagata et al have suggested a new breast

  2020-01-08

  

  More importantly, Santagata et al. have suggested a new breast cancer subtyping method according to ER, androgen receptor (AR), and VDR with a higher prognostic value than the ordinarily used method based on ER, progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2 (Santagata et al., 2014). This implies that such com

• For the current studies we used

  2020-01-08

  

  For the current studies, we used the selective Epac agonist 8CPT-AM to directly activate the proteins. We chose this pharmacological approach since it allows a direct activation of Epacs rather than using receptor agonists such as PGE2 which could introduce confounding variables. One potential conce

• EPAC activation in VSMCs and ECs reverses several

  2020-01-08

  

  EPAC activation in VSMCs and ECs reverses several processes involved in the development of in-stent restenosis. Of particular relevance is the ability of EPAC1 to induce SOCS3 gene expression, as SOCS3 exerts multiple protective effects in both cell types, while immunohistochemical studies have show

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2020-01-08

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• br Target enzyme attributes and substrate peptide selection

  2020-01-08

  

  Target enzyme attributes and substrate peptide selection Protein kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in both proteins and peptides using ATP as the phosphoryl donor. The human kinome is comprised of 518 protein kinases and 40 lipid kinases. The vast ma

• Enzyme mimics belong to a type

  2020-01-08

  

  Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a

• A topological property P is said

  2020-01-07

  

  A topological property P is said to be cut point hereditary [3] if whenever a space X has property P, then, for every there exists some separation of such that each of and has property P. A space X is called connected ordered topological space (COTS) [5] if it is connected and has the property

• Sensory gating describes a filter mechanism

  2020-01-07

  

  ‘Sensory gating’ describes a filter mechanism protecting the central nervous system from sensory overload by inhibiting behaviorally irrelevant input (Boutros et al., 2004, 2008). This permits Apramycin Sulfate to a changing contextual environment (Fruhstorfer et al., 1970; Grunwald et al., 2003).

• br Genomic actions in the breast br

  2020-01-07

  

  Genomic actions in the breast Conclusion Clinical studies suggest that progesterone and/or progestins may play a decisive role in the development of breast cancer in women using hormone therapy or oral contraceptives [3], [4]. However, this data are controversial to most experimental investiga

• Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that e

  2020-01-07

  

  Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that estetrol (E4) should also be considered as an interesting candidate for MHT (Abot et al., 2014; Mawet et al., 2015). E4 is naturally produced from E2 and estriol (E3) via 15α- and 16α-hydroxylase by the human fetal liver during pregnancy and

• The work described by Dong Groves and co workers tested

  2020-01-07

  

  The work described by Dong, Groves, and co-workers (11) tested the hypothesis that neural stem cell development is sensitive to the clustering and mechanical state of the EphB4:ephrin-B2 receptor-ligand complex. They show that the quality of ephrin-B2-ligand signaling depends on its biophysical stat

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